How supply chain resilience, industrial depth, and policy continuity are reshaping the global economy in an era of conflict and uncertainty The defining economic story of the 2020s is not innovation alone, nor inflation, nor even the race for artificial intelligence. It is disruption. Over the past several years, the world has experienced a relentless sequence of geopolitical and economic shocks that have fundamentally altered assumptions about globalization. The COVID-19 pandemic shattered confidence in seamless international logistics. The Russia-Ukraine conflict exposed Europe’s energy vulnerabilities. The Gaza war intensified instability across strategic trade corridors. Tariff wars between major powers accelerated fragmentation in global commerce. More recently, escalating tensions in the Middle East and disruptions around the Strait of Hormuz once again reminded the world that modern economies remain deeply exposed to geopolitical tremors. The cumulative effect has been pro...